Marwan II

Marwan ibn Muhammad became the fourteenth Umayyad caliph in 744, inheriting a caliphate already fracturing. His six years in power were consumed by civil war, the empire unraveling faster than he could hold it. In August 750, the Abbasid Revolution finished what the internal chaos had started, killing Marwan and ending Umayyad rule over the united Caliphate. He earned the surname al-Himar — "the donkey" — though history would remember him less for the nickname than for being the man who watched an empire die on his watch.