Umar II
Umayyad caliph from 717 to 720 · Politicians · Lived 681 to 720 · aged 38
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Something wrong?The Umayyad caliph who ruled just three years but earned a title usually reserved for Islam's first four leaders. Umar II pulled troops back from multiple frontiers, ordered the first official collection of hadiths, and oversaw conversions across Persia and Egypt on a scale the empire hadn't seen before.
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, O people, you were not created in vain, nor will you be left to yourselves.
This is the Last Abode; we appoint it for those who desire not exorbitance in the earth, nor corruption. The issue ultimate is to the godfearing.
Now that Umar's death has been announced to me, I say: May the mainstay of justice and religion be not far away.
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Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz became the eighth Umayyad caliph in 717, inheriting an empire stretched across three continents. He restructured the central government to run leaner and more equitably, then mandated universal education and dispatched emissaries as far as China and Tibet with invitations to Islam. His reign saw withdrawals from Constantinople, Central Asia, and Septimania even as Umayyad forces gained ground in Iberia. Huge segments of Persian and Egyptian populations converted during these years. He died in February 720, three years in. Sunni scholars later called him the first mujaddid and sometimes the fifth rightly guided caliph - a reunion with a standard his dynasty had long ago left behind.
Politicians born in the 680s 6
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