Kilij Arslan I

Kilij Arslan inherited the Sultanate of Rûm in 1092, thirteen years old and ruling a fractured state after Malik Shah I's death. The timing was brutal: the First Crusade arrived while he was still consolidating power, and he became the first Turkish commander to face the Christian armies in battle. He led cavalry through the initial clashes, then spent the next decade re-establishing his sultanate's authority across Anatolia. In 1101 he crushed three separate Crusader forces in quick succession, a string of victories that secured Rûm's survival. He ruled until his death in 1107, having turned…