Bavarian physicist and optical lens manufacturer
He found dark lines crossing the sun's light where no one else had looked — and those lines became astronomy's Rosetta Stone, letting us read the chemistry of stars from Earth.
Born in 1787, Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer was a German physicist and optical lens manufacturer who made achromatic telescopes and objective lenses by refining optical glass to new standards. In 1814, he discovered dark absorption lines in the sun's spectrum — now called Fraunhofer lines — and studied them systematically. He developed diffraction grating and invented the spectroscope, tools that turned those lines into a method for determining the composition of celestial bodies. He died in 1826 at thirty-nine. Europe's largest applied research organization, the Fraunhofer Society, carries his…
Sourced, dated quotes from Joseph von Fraunhofer
In all my experiments I could, owing to lack of time, pay attention to only those matters which appeared to have a bearing upon practical optics.
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