British biologist and Nobel laureate (1942–2018)
He mapped every cell division in a millimeter-long worm, then helped sequence the human genome — and spent the rest of his career arguing that no one should own the results.
John Sulston traced the fate of every single cell in Caenorhabditis elegans, a transparent roundworm, showing how an organism builds itself from egg to adult. The work, painstaking and precise, earned him the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine alongside Sydney Brenner and Robert Horvitz at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He moved from worms to humans, becoming a leader in the Human Genome Project at a moment when corporations wanted to patent stretches of DNA. Sulston fought for open access — he believed genetic information belonged to everyone, not to shareholders. He chaired…
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