2nd-century Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher
A Greek physician in the Roman Empire whose anatomical theories — built on pig and ape dissections because human work was banned — went unchallenged in the West for over a millennium.
Born in September 129 CE in Pergamon to a wealthy architect, Galen studied widely before settling in Rome, where he rose to serve as personal physician to emperors. Working within the theory of the four humors, he advanced anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology through dissection and vivisection — mostly on Barbary apes, then pigs to avoid prosecution, urging students to study dead gladiators when they could. His model of circulation stood until Ibn al-Nafis described pulmonary flow in 1242; his anatomical reports held until Vesalius published human dissections in 1543. He saw medicine and phil…
Sourced, dated quotes from Galen
Diogenes received an invitation to dine with one whose house was splendidly furnished, in the highest order and taste, and nothing therein wanting.
Diogenes the Cynic, it is related, was mighty of all people in regard to everything from self-control to endurance.
But it is best of all to look at the human skeleton with your own eyes.
The fact is that those who are enslaved to their sects are not merely devoid of all sound knowledge, but they will not even stop to learn!
That which is, grows, while that which is not, becomes.
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