Founding Father, U.S. Chief Justice from 1789 to 1795
The first man to hold the title Chief Justice of the United States, and the architect of a treaty so divisive it nearly got him burned in effigy across the young republic. Jay shaped American foreign policy when there barely was an America to have one.
Born December 23, 1745, into a wealthy merchant family of French Huguenot and Dutch descent in New York, Jay became a lawyer and joined the resistance to British rule, serving in both Continental Congresses and signing the Continental Association. From 1779 to 1782 he was ambassador to Spain, coaxing financial aid from a skeptical crown, then helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris that won recognition of independence. He directed foreign policy under the Articles of Confederation and co-wrote five of The Federalist Papers to push ratification of the Constitution. Washington appointed him the fir…
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