King of Aragon and Valencia, Count of Barcelona and King of Sicily (1267-1327)
He wore four crowns at once and lost two of them — not to war, but to family and the Pope. James II of Aragon spent three decades juggling kingdoms across the western Mediterranean, forced to trade Sicily for papal favour and then watch his own brother take it anyway.
Born at Valencia in 1267 (or around 1264), James was the second son of Peter III of Aragon and Constance II of Sicily. He inherited Sicily when his father died in 1285, then gained Aragon, Valencia, and the rest of the Spanish territories — including Majorca — when his older brother Alfonso III died in 1291. Four years later the papacy forced him to cede Sicily, which his younger brother Frederick III promptly seized in 1296. In 1298 Pope Boniface VIII gave him Majorca back along with nominal rights to Sardinia and Corsica; Boniface also named him Standard-bearer, Captain General and Admiral o…
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