Empress of Byzantine Empire (752-803)
She had her own son blinded to seize sole power in Byzantium, then ruled an empire that would not accept a woman on the throne alone — giving the Pope the opening he needed to crown a rival emperor in the West.
Born into the Sarantapechos family around 750, Irene was chosen as bride to the iconoclast Emperor Leo IV in 768, though she quietly held iconophile sympathies. Widowed in 780, she ruled as regent for her son Constantine VI and in 787 convened the Second Council of Nicaea, condemning iconoclasm as heresy and ending the first iconoclast period. As Constantine matured, he pushed against her grip; revolts in the early 790s briefly installed him as sole ruler, but Irene clawed back power in 792 as "co-emperor." In 797 she organized a conspiracy — her supporters gouged out Constantine's eyes, and h…
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