Irish officer and colonial administrator in the British Army (1850–1916)
The face that ordered millions to enlist — Britain's secretary of state for war in 1914, the man who saw the First World War would grind on for years when others expected months, and drowned en route to Russia when his ship hit a mine off Orkney.
Horatio Herbert Kitchener built his reputation in empire's distant wars: the 1898 Battle of Omdurman earned him a barony and control of the Sudan. He served as chief of staff in the Second Boer War under Lord Roberts, then took command as Boer fighters turned to guerrilla tactics and British forces interned civilians in concentration camps. A stint commanding the Army in India ended in a bitter feud with Viceroy Lord Curzon, who resigned; Kitchener moved on to Egypt as de facto administrator. In 1914 he became secretary of state for war and one of the few who grasped the conflict ahead would l…
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