Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany

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Lived 1708–1765, aged 57

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67 languages
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Era
1708–1765
Aged 57

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People connected to Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

SpouseMaria Theresa

FatherLeopold, Duke of Lorraine

ChildArchduchess Maria Anna of Austria

ChildJoseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

ChildMaria Christina, Duchess of Teschen

ChildArchduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria

ChildArchduke Charles Joseph of Austria

ChildArchduchess Maria Amalia of Austria

ChildLeopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

ChildMaria Carolina of Austria

ChildFerdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este

ChildMarie Antoinette

ChildArchduke Maximilian Francis of Austria

SiblingPrince Charles Alexander of Lorraine

Summary

Updated 2026-05-29

Held the Holy Roman throne from 1745-1765 through a strategic marriage to Maria Theresa that spawned the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Juggled titles across Austria, Lorraine, Tuscany, and the Empire while their 16 kids secured the family's future.

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Francis I was Holy Roman Emperor from 1745 to 1765, Archduke of Austria from 1740 to 1765, Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1729 to 1737, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1737 to 1765. He became the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and Tuscany through his marriage to his second cousin Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of Emperor Charles VI. Francis was the last non-Habsburg monarch of the Empire. The couple were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, and their marriage produced sixteen children.

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