Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria

Born 8 December 1756, Maximilian Francis was the last child of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I. In 1780 he became Elector of Cologne and Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, positions he held with Enlightenment convictions, pushing reforms across his territories. He took on Ludwig van Beethoven as a young musician, becoming his second employer and patron. The First Coalition War shattered his rule: French forces occupied and then annexed everything he held on the Rhine's left bank. He died 27 July 1801, the last fully functioning Elector of Cologne, his world already gone.