Spanish military tactician and diplomat (1507-1582)
Spanish military commander who earned the "Iron Duke" nickname for his brutal campaigns in the Netherlands during the 1500s. Served as diplomat and statesman across Europe's bloodiest century.
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba, known as the Grand Duke of Alba in Spain and Portugal and as the Iron Duke or shortly 'Alva' in the Netherlands and Belgium, was a Spanish military officer, statesman and diplomat.
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