Fakhr-ol-Dowleh

Princess Ashraf al-Muluk, titled Fakhr-ol-Dowleh (فخرالدوله), was one of the most prominent and influential Mozaffar ad-Din Shah of the Qajar dynasty. Known for her strong and resolute character, she was willing and able to confront even Reza Shah to defend her patrimony and rights. The daughter of Mozaffar al-Din Shah and Sarvar al-Saltaneh, she was also the sister of Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma, a cousin of Mohammad Mosaddegh, and the mother of Ali Amini. Beyond her royal lineage, she played a crucial role as an intermediary between Reza Shah Pahlavi and the Qajar dynasty, with her efforts being instrumental in maintaining peace and preventing bloodshed during a period of significant political transition.