Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī was born in Ray, Iran, in 1149 or 1150, and became known as the Sultan of the Theologians. He rejected both the geocentric model and Aristotle's vision of a lone universe, proposing instead a multiverse and the reality of outer space beyond the known world — a conceptual leap he drew from Quranic astronomy. A polymath who wrote across medicine, chemistry, physics, astronomy, literature, theology, ontology, philosophy, history, and jurisprudence, he pioneered inductive logic and produced the monumental Tafsir al-Kabir. His philosophical corpus, shaped by Avicenna, Abu'l-Bar…