Empress Wanrong

Wanrong, of the Manchu Plain White Banner Gobulo clan, was the wife and empress consort of Puyi, the last emperor of China. She is sometimes anachronistically called Elizabeth, Xuantong Empress, referring to Puyi's era name. She was the titular empress consort of the former Qing dynasty from their marriage in 1922 until the exile of the imperial family in November 1924. She later became the empress consort of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in northeastern China from 1934 until the abolition of the monarchy in August 1945, at the conclusion of the Second World War. She was posthumously honored with the title Empress Xiaokemin (孝恪愍皇后) by Puyi in 1946, in which “孝 Xiao” (filial) and “恪 Ke” (dutiful) articulate Confucian ideals of moral conduct, while “愍 Min” conveys an official expression of lamentation for a life marked by misfortune.