King of Bulgaria (1894–1943)
He inherited a throne after national defeat, ruled through coups and suppression, signed anti-Semitic laws, joined the Axis, and deported thousands of Jews from occupied territories to Treblinka — while under pressure canceling the deportation of Bulgarian Jews themselves. He died at 49, days after visiting Germany, leaving a six-year-old heir.
Boris III became Tsar in 1918 when his father abdicated following Bulgaria's loss in World War I. The Treaty of Neuilly stripped Bulgaria of territory and imposed crippling reparations. Through the 1920s he recognized governments that came and went by coup and suppression, including Aleksandar Tsankov's harsh crackdown on communists. In 1935 Boris overthrew the Zveno movement and ruled as a de facto absolute monarch for the rest of his life. He kept Bulgaria neutral into 1940, then installed Nazi sympathizer Bogdan Filov as prime minister, signed the anti-Semitic Law for Protection of the Nati…
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