King of Hungary and Croatia from 1172 to 1196
A Hungarian king raised in Byzantium as the emperor's heir, renamed Alexios and groomed for the purple throne — until a baby boy was born and the plan collapsed. He came home to rule the kingdom he'd once been sent to campaign against.
Béla was the second son of Géza II, granted a duchy that included Croatia around 1161. A peace treaty shipped him to Constantinople in 1163, where Manuel I Komnenos renamed him Alexios, gave him the new title of despotes, and betrothed him to the imperial daughter. He was designated heir in 1165 and rode in three campaigns against his own brother's Hungary. The birth of Manuel's son in 1169 ended the engagement and demoted him to kaisar. When Stephen III died in March 1172, Béla returned and took the Hungarian throne, pledging never to war against Byzantium. He fought his younger brother Géza…
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