Anna Freud

Born in Vienna on 3 December 1895, the sixth and youngest child of Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays, Anna followed her father into psychoanalysis but carved her own territory: alongside Hermine Hug-Hellmuth and Melanie Klein, she founded psychoanalytic child psychology. Where Sigmund privileged the unconscious, Anna emphasized the ego's normal developmental lines and pushed for collaborative observation across clinical contexts. In 1938 the Nazi regime forced the Freud family out of Austria; she relocated to London and resumed practice. In 1952 she established the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic - later renamed the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families - as a hub for therapy, training, and research. She died in London on 9 October 1982.