Allvar Gullstrand

Allvar Gullstrand was born in Sweden on 5 June 1862 and trained as both an ophthalmologist and an optician. His research into the optics of the eye — how it bends and focuses light onto the retina — earned him the Nobel Prize and changed the field. The mathematics he developed became foundational for designing corrective lenses and understanding vision itself. He died on 28 July 1930, leaving behind a body of work that married medicine with physics in a way few had managed before.