King of Sardinia (1849–1861) and King of Italy (1861–1878)
He turned a patchwork of warring kingdoms into one nation. Victor Emmanuel II made himself the first king of a united Italy in over a millennium, deploying troops, cutting deals with Napoleon III, and walking into Rome over the Pope's objections.
Born in Turin on 14 March 1820, Victor Emmanuel became King of Sardinia in 1849 after his father abdicated during the First Italian War of Independence. He appointed Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, as Prime Minister and sent forces to the Crimean War in 1855, earning a seat at the peace table where he could press the case for unification. With French backing he liberated Lombardy from Austria, ceding Savoy and Nice as payment, then supported Giuseppe Garibaldi's conquest of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860. He marched through Umbria and the Marche, won the Battle of Castelfidardo agains…
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