Lieutenant of the Kingdom of Italy and last king of Italy
He held the throne of Italy for 34 days — 9 May to 12 June 1946 — then watched a referendum strip it away. The House of Savoy's final king, exiled for life, forbidden to return.
Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia was born 15 September 1904, the only son of Victor Emmanuel III and Elena of Montenegro. He followed the military path expected of an heir, commanded an army group in the 1940 invasion of France, and made Marshal of Italy in 1942 — though he saw little action and quietly turned against the war after Stalingrad and El Alamein. In 1944, with the monarchy's credibility shattered by its fascist ties, his father transferred powers to him piece by piece, naming him Lieutenant General of the Realm while clinging to the title of king. Victor Emmanuel abd…
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