Leader of a large Andean uprising against the Spanish in Peru (1738-1781)
An Indigenous cacique who executed a Spanish administrator and declared war on colonial Peru in 1780, launching a rebellion that swept through the Andes and abolished slavery for Black people months before his capture and execution.
Born José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera around 1742, he was a direct descendant of the last Inca of Vilcabamba and inherited chieftainships in three communities after his father's death. Educated in Cusco, he built wealth as a muleteer transporting goods through Upper Peru while serving as a recognized curaca who petitioned colonial authorities to ease tribute burdens and the brutal mining mita on his people. When his requests were ignored in Tinta, Cuzco, and Lima, he executed corregidor Antonio de Arriaga for repeated abuses on November 4, 1780, and proclaimed himself Sapa Inca of a new Inca…
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