Toussaint Louverture
Haitian national hero (1743-1803) · France · Politicians · Died at 59
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Something wrong?He was born a slave and died in a French prison, but between those points Toussaint Louverture turned a colonial revolt into the revolution that made Haiti the first Black republic in the Americas.
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Général Toussaint Louverture
"General L'Ouverture, statesman and military genius, dreaded by the French, hated by the planters, and revered by the b - NARA - 559109
"In early manhood he was a coachman for Bayou de Libertas, 1763", 1763 - NARA - 559105
"Toussaint captured Marmelade, held by Vernet, a mulatto, 1795", 1795 - NARA - 559108
1802 Toussaint Louverture reçoit une lettre de Napoléon
19th century engraving of L'Ouverture_(14761917404).jpg?width=1200)
A tribute for the Negro; being a vindication of the moral, intellectual, and religious capabilities of the coloured portion of mankind; with particular reference to the African race (1848) (14761917404)
Acte de décès de Toussaint LouvertureIn their own words 5
, ...We have no other resource than destruction and flame. Bear in mind that the soil bathed with our sweat must not furnish our enemies with the smallest aliment.
Let the sacred flame of liberty that we have won lead all our acts.
We are black, it is true, but tell us, gentle men, you who are so judicious, what is the law that says that the black man must belong to and be the property of the white man?
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Born into slavery in Saint-Domingue on 20 May 1743, Louverture was freed before the French Revolution and became wealthy enough to own coffee plantations himself. When the 1791 slave revolt ignited, he was nearly 50, starting as a lieutenant to Georges Biassou. He first fought alongside Spanish forces, then switched to Republican France when it moved to abolish slavery. As the Revolution's leader, he seized control of the island, restored the plantation economy with paid labor, negotiated trade with Britain and the United States, and in 1801 promulgated his own constitution naming himself Governor-General for Life. Napoleon saw the challenge. In 1802, French General Jean-Baptiste Brunet invited Louverture to a parley, arrested him on arrival, and shipped him to the Fort de Joux, where he died on 7 April 1803. His lieutenant Jean-Jacques Dessalines finished what Louverture began: Saint-Domingue declared independence as Haiti on 1 January 1804.
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