Tiberius Gracchus

Ancient Rome politician

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Lived -162–-133, aged 29Italy

Italy PoliticiansPolitician

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Era
-162–-133
Aged 29

Summary

Updated 2026-06-08

He tried to give Roman land back to the poor and died in a riot for it. The senate killed him in 133 BC not because the reform was wrong but because he broke every rule to pass it—deposing a rival tribune, grabbing foreign policy powers, reaching for a second term. The date of his death is the traditional marker for the beginning of Rome's long collapse.

Biography

About

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus fought in Africa during the Third Punic War and in Spain during the Numantine War, where his career nearly ended: as quaestor he was forced to negotiate a humiliating treaty after the Numantines surrounded his army. Seeking to rebuild his future and reacting to what he saw as a population decline caused by wealthy families buying up Italian land, he pushed through an agrarian reform bill as tribune of the plebs in 133 BC, transferring land from the state and the rich to poorer citizens. To force it through he had the tribune blocking him removed from office, seized…

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