Samuel Pierpont Langley

Samuel Pierpont Langley was born August 22, 1834, and became a professor of astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh, where he directed the Allegheny Observatory. He invented the bolometer, a device for measuring radiant energy, and rose to become the third secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. His work as an aviation pioneer placed him at the center of early flight experiments in an era when powered heavier-than-air machines seemed impossible. He died February 27, 1906, a physicist and astronomer whose name survives in the shadow of those who flew days after his attempts failed.