American physicist
He found a state of matter no one thought helium could enter — and at temperatures closer to absolute zero than almost anything achieved before.
Richardson was born in Washington D.C. in 1937 and attended high school at Washington-Lee in Arlington, Virginia, where the science curriculum struck him as old-fashioned; advanced placement didn't exist yet, and he didn't take calculus until his sophomore year of college. He earned a B.S. from Virginia Tech in 1958, an M.S. in 1960, and a PhD from Duke in 1965. By 1972 he was a senior researcher at Cornell's Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, working in sub-millikelvin temperature studies of helium-3 alongside David Lee and graduate student Douglas Osheroff. That year the three dis…
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