Razia Sultana is read about 448 times a day, in 57 languages.
A typical day, 30 days to 15 October 2026
The middle day of the days counted, so one week of news cannot move it. The line under it is the last 390 days, one point a day.
Something wrong?She ran the Delhi Sultanate in the 1230s - the first woman to hold supreme power over a Muslim state in India, and still the only one to rule Delhi itself. The nobles who helped her take the throne expected a puppet; she gave them four years of actual decisions before they turned on her.
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Detail of Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut from a miniature painting of Razia Sultana holding court ("durbar") with identifying inscriptions, by Gulam Ali Khan, circa 19th centuryFamily
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Razia was a daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, and administered Delhi from 1231 to 1232 while her father campaigned in Gwalior - a stint that, according to legend, led him to name her heir. When Iltutmish died, her half-brother Ruknuddin Firuz took the throne instead, and his mother Shah Turkan moved to have Razia killed. During the rebellion that erupted against Ruknuddin, Razia rallied the public against Shah Turkan and seized power in 1236. She faced immediate resistance from a bloc of nobles, some of whom she won over, the rest she put down. The Turkic faction that had backed her soured when she refused to play figurehead and began appointing non-Turkic officers to key posts. In April 1240 they deposed her. She married one of the rebels, Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, and tried to retake the throne, but her half-brother Muizuddin Bahram defeated them that October, and she was killed shortly after.
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