Qaboos bin Said al Said
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He ruled Oman for nearly fifty years after deposing his own father in a palace coup. When he died childless in 2020, he left a sealed letter naming his successor - a final move in a reign that dragged a medieval sultanate into modernity.
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Defense.gov News Photo 101205-F-6655M-005 - Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates is greeted by Omani Sultan Qaboos at the Bait Al Baraka Palace in Muscat, Oman, on Dec. 5, 2010 (cropped)
Defense.gov News Photo 101205-F-6655M-005 - Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates is greeted by Omani Sultan Qaboos at the Bait Al Baraka Palace in Muscat, Oman, on Dec. 5, 2010
Defense.gov News Photo 101205-F-6655M-007 - Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates talks with Omani Sultan Qaboos at the Bait Al Baraka Palace in Muscat, Oman, on Dec. 5, 2010
Defense.gov News Photo 101205-F-6655M-008 - Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates walks with Omani Sultan Qaboos at the Bait Al Baraka Palace in Muscat, Oman, on Dec. 5, 2010
Defense.gov News Photo 981105-D-9880W-083Awards 40
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Philippe of BelgiumAlso won Civil Order of OmanAbout this person
Qaboos bin Said was educated in Suffolk and trained at Sandhurst, then served briefly in the British Army before returning home in 1966. His father, Sultan Said bin Taimur, kept him under tight restriction. In 1970, with British backing, Qaboos overthrew him and took the throne, renaming the realm the Sultanate of Oman. He opened the country to the world, raised living standards, abolished slavery, put down the Dhofar rebellion, and gave Oman a constitution. By the time he died in January 2020, he'd been the Middle East's longest-serving ruler. With no children, he'd left instructions: if the royal court couldn't agree on a successor, they were to open a sealed letter. They opened it and named his cousin, Haitham bin Tariq.
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