Pope Martin IV
Head of the Catholic Church from 1281 to 1285
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FranceThe last French pope to govern from Rome before the papacy's flight to Avignon, he spent his reign tied to Charles of Anjou's ambitions and watching the Church's brief reunion with Byzantium collapse under his own excommunication order.
About
Simon de Brion rose as chancellor to Louis IX of France and became a cardinal in 1261 under Urban IV. Elected pope in February 1281, he appointed Charles of Anjou as Senator of Rome and leaned heavily on French power throughout his pontificate. In a move that shattered the union between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches struck just seven years earlier at the Second Council of Lyon, Martin IV excommunicated Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. When the Sicilian Vespers uprising erupted, he excommunicated Peter III of Aragon and declared a crusade to preserve Angevin control ov…
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