Pope Callixtus II
✓ Source-basedfallingPope from 1119 to 1124
The pope who ended the decades-long power struggle between throne and altar. Guy of Burgundy took the name Callixtus II in 1119 and three years later signed the Concordat of Worms, settling who got to appoint bishops and finally closing the Investiture Controversy that had nearly split the Church.
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About this person
Born around 1065 as the son of Count William I of Burgundy, Guy moved through the highest circles of European nobility before becoming archbishop of Vienne and serving as papal legate to France. He attended the Lateran Synod of 1112, then was elected pope at Cluny in February 1119. The following year, responding to attacks on Jews, he issued the bull Sicut Judaeis - forbidding Christians, on pain of excommunication, from forcing conversions, causing harm, seizing property, disrupting festivals, or interfering with cemeteries. In 1122 he brokered the Concordat of Worms, the compromise that ended the Investiture Controversy. In March 1123 he convened the First Lateran Council, which passed decrees against simony, clerical concubinage, and violations of the Truce of God. He died on 13 December 1124.
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