German politician (1865-1939)
He shouted a republic into existence from a balcony in 1918, then spent the rest of his life watching it unravel. Scheidemann's name became shorthand for betrayal in the eyes of those who wanted the old empire back.
Philipp Scheidemann was born on 26 July 1865 and rose through the Social Democratic Party to become one of its leading figures by the early 20th century. When Germany's defeat in World War I triggered revolution in 1918–1919, he proclaimed a German Republic from the Reichstag balcony, a spontaneous act that shaped the country's political rupture. In 1919, the National Assembly meeting in Weimar elected him Reich Minister President, but he resigned within months after the cabinet fractured over whether to accept the Treaty of Versailles. He stayed in the Reichstag until 1933 and served as mayor…
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