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Muhammad Iqbal

British-Indian Islamic philosopher, poet and politician (1877-1938) · Academics · Died at 60

Muhammad Iqbal is read about 1,068 times a day, in 85 languages.

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His Urdu verse shaped a century of poetry, but it was a 1930 address in Allahabad - sketching a political framework for Muslim-majority regions in British India - that set the intellectual groundwork for Pakistan's creation, nearly a decade after his death.

WritersAcademicPhilosophyPoetryPoliticsLawLiterature20th Century

A life in dates

1938Died21 April 1938“The tyranny of imperialism struts abroad, covering its face under the masks of Democracy, Nationalism, Communism, Fascism and heaven knows what else besides.”In their wordsNew Year's message broadcast on All-India Radio, 1938. Quoted in The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal, p. 199.

1930“The immediacy of mystic experience simply means that we know God just as we know other objects.”In their wordsThe Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930), p. 14

“Ends and purposes, whether they exist as conscious or subconscious tendencies, form the warp and woof of our conscious experience.”In their wordsThe Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930), p. 42

“The principle that each group is entitled to its free development on its own lines is not inspired by any feeling of narrow communalism. There are communalisms and communalisms.”In their words29 December 1930Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Address to the 25th Session of the All-India Muslim League, Allahabad, 29 December 1930 (from

“I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State.”In their words29 December 1930Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Address to the 25th Session of the All-India Muslim League, Allahabad, 29 December 1930 (from

“Muslims are we, the country is ours, China and Arabia is ours, India is ours. Under the shadow of swords we have grown up. The crescent scabbard is our national emblem.”In their wordsMohammed Iqbal , circa 1930, Ved Mehta "Coming Down", India , Granta 57 (London: Granta, 1997), p. 148. quoted in Savarkar and The

1877Born9 November 1877

Also in Deutsch

Photos 8

Iqbal 2Iqbal 2A great Couplet of IqbalA great Couplet of IqbalAllahbad Address PointsAllahbad Address PointsAllama Iqbal research cirtificate for graduation at Cambridge UniversityAllama Iqbal research cirtificate for graduation at Cambridge UniversityAllama IqbalAllama IqbalBa Bismillah pidar zibhi Azeem pisarBa Bismillah pidar zibhi Azeem pisarChoudhry Rehmat Ali (seated first from left) with Muhammad Iqbal (center), Khawaja Abdul Rahim (right) and a group of other young activists during Iqbal visit to England in 1932.Choudhry Rehmat Ali (seated first from left) with Muhammad Iqbal (center), Khawaja Abdul Rahim (right) and a group of other young activists during Iqbal visit to England in 1932.Eqbal&mevlanaEqbal&mevlana

In their own words 10

,
Muhammad Iqbal
,
10 statements, newest first

  1. The tyranny of imperialism struts abroad, covering its face under the masks of Democracy, Nationalism, Communism, Fascism and heaven knows what else besides.

    1938, New Year's message broadcast on All-India Radio, 1938. Quoted in The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal, p. 199., Own words

  2. The immediacy of mystic experience simply means that we know God just as we know other objects.

    1930, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930), p. 14, Own words

  3. Ends and purposes, whether they exist as conscious or subconscious tendencies, form the warp and woof of our conscious experience.

    1930, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930), p. 42, Own words

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Muhammad Iqbal was born in Sialkot, Punjab, in 1877 and taught Arabic at Oriental College, Lahore, while writing poems like "Tarana-e-Hindi" and an early meditation on animal rights. In 1905 he left for Europe, earning a second BA at Cambridge, qualifying as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn, and completing a PhD in philosophy at Munich on Persian metaphysics. Back in Lahore in 1908, he opened a law practice but turned his energy to poetry and philosophy - works like "Asrar-e-Khudi" and "Bang-e-Dara" won him acclaim in Urdu; his Persian verse earned recognition in Iran. Elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1927, he delivered his Allahabad Address to the All-India Muslim League in 1930, formulating the vision that would drive the two-nation theory. He died in April 1938; nine years later, partition gave way to Pakistan, which named him its national poet.

Category
Academics
Type
Academic
Status
deceased
Dates
Lived 1877 to 1938 · aged 60

Academics born in the 1870s 6

Jatindranath Mukherjee57.4Ananda Coomaraswamy56.4Leo Frobenius55.4Issai Schur55.3Hidesaburō Ueno55.3William Stern54.4

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