Persian polymath, physician, chemist and philosopher (854-925)
A Persian polymath who ran hospitals in Baghdad and Ray a thousand years ago, al-Razi wrote over 200 manuscripts and was among the first to tell smallpox from measles by clinical observation — then his medical curriculum crossed into medieval Europe and shaped how the Latin West taught medicine for centuries.
Born around 864 or 865 CE during the Islamic Golden Age, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī worked as physician, philosopher, and alchemist across Persia, eventually rising to chief physician at the hospitals of Baghdad and Ray. An early champion of experimental medicine, he attracted students from all backgrounds and treated rich and poor patients with equal care. Alongside Thābit ibn Qurra, he made the clinical distinction between smallpox and measles; he also advanced pediatrics, obstetrics, and ophthalmology, and critiqued religious concepts like prophethood — though those writings s…
Sourced, dated quotes from Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
I prayed to God to direct and lead me to the truth in writing this book. It grieves me to oppose and criticize the man Galen from whose sea of knowledge I have drawn much.
... In short, while I am writing the present book, I have written so far around 200 books and articles on different aspects of science, philosophy, theology, and hekmat(wisdom).
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