French general (1867–1965)
The French general who commanded the catastrophic defense of 1940 — his first field command in a fifty-year career — then advised surrender and enforced Vichy's anti-Semitic policies with exceptional harshness before the Germans turned on him.
Born in Belgium in 1867 and raised in France, Weygand graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1887 and spent World War I as a staff officer to Ferdinand Foch, never leading troops himself. He advised Poland during the Polish–Soviet War, served as High Commissioner of the Levant, and became Chief of Staff of the French Army in 1931 before retiring in 1935. Recalled at seventy-three in May 1940 with no battlefield command experience, he took charge during the German invasion, watched the collapse, and urged armistice. He joined Pétain's Vichy government as Minister for Defence, then became Delegate-General…
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