Marsilius of Padua
Italian philosopher (1275–1342)
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He wrote a treatise so combustible that popes spent decades trying to suppress it. Marsilius argued the church had no right to wield political power — a claim that made him a heretic in the 14th century and a prophet to reformers two hundred years later.
About
Marsilius Mainardi was born around 1275 in Padua, trained in medicine, and moved through several professions before turning to political philosophy. Around 1324 he completed Defensor pacis, a systematic demolition of papal claims to supreme authority in both spiritual and temporal matters — what the church called its "plenitude of power." The work was condemned almost immediately; Marsilius fled to the court of Ludwig of Bavaria, where he lived under imperial protection. His arguments — that the church should be subordinate to secular rulers, that Scripture alone held final authority — would l…
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- WikidataHigh confidencewikidata · wikidata.org
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