French-Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (1818–1910)
He made ballet what audiences still recognize: the full-length story ballets with their big ensemble dances, the finger-turn fouettés, the structure that lets a ballerina own a stage for three acts. Petipa ran the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg for over three decades and created the blueprint — The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake's surviving version, The Nutcr
Born in France in 1818, Petipa danced his way to Russia and by 1871 held the top post at the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, a perch he kept until 1903. Over those years he created more than fifty ballets — The Pharaoh's Daughter in 1862, Don Quixote in 1869, La Bayadère in 1877, then the trio that hardened into canon: The Sleeping Beauty in 1890, The Nutcracker with Lev Ivanov in 1892, Raymonda in 1898. He also revived and reset works by others — Giselle, Le Corsaire, Swan Lake — and those revivals became the versions that survived him. When he died in 1910 at ninety-two, individual pas de…
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