Italian physician (1628-1694)
He was the first to see what William Harvey couldn't: the capillaries linking arteries to veins, completing the circuit of blood. With a microscope and a relentless eye, Malpighi opened anatomy down to the cellular level—red blood cells, the structure of clots, the breathing holes in insect skin—and left his name on kidneys, spleens, and an entire plant fami
Born in 1628, Marcello Malpighi trained as a physician in Italy and turned the newly refined microscope on nearly everything living. He observed red blood cells shortly after Jan Swammerdam, described how blood clots differed between the heart's chambers in his 1666 treatise De polypo cordis, and discovered that insects breathe through tiny skin openings—tracheae—not lungs. He studied plant anatomy with equal intensity, concluding that tubules ran through them much like those in silkworms, likely spotting stomata in the process. The Royal Society published his botanical and zoological findings…
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