Marc Bloch is read about 1,075 times a day, in 50 languages.
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Something wrong?He rewrote how historians study the past - then died in front of a Nazi firing squad. Marc Bloch built the Annales School, which cracked open medieval history with economics and sociology, and spent his last year running resistance cells in Lyon before the Gestapo caught him in 1944.
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In their own words 10
The good historian is like the giant of the fairy tale. He knows that wherever he catches the scent of human flesh, there his quarry lies.
Thenceforth they thought that, rationally concluded, doubt could become an instrument of knowledge.
Successive technological revolutions have immeasurably widened the psychological gap between generations.
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Born in 1886 to a Jewish academic family in Lyon, Bloch grew up in Paris watching the Dreyfus affair convulse French society. He survived the Marne and the Somme in the First World War, then landed at Strasbourg in 1920, where he and Lucien Febvre launched the journal Annales d'histoire économique et sociale in 1929 and made interdisciplinary rigor the new standard for studying medieval France. A post at the Sorbonne came in 1936. When the Second World War began he volunteered again, made it out at Dunkirk, and returned to a country that soon barred Jews from most university posts; he kept teaching in Montpellier on a special permit until the 1942 German occupation of Vichy France sent him underground. He joined the Resistance, organized its Lyon region, and was captured by the Gestapo in early 1944. They shot him that June, weeks after D-Day, leaving The Historian's Craft and Strange Defeat to appear only after his death.
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