Louis VIII of France

Born 5 September 1187, Louis invaded England on 21 May 1216 as a prince, was excommunicated nine days later, then proclaimed "King of England" by rebellious barons on 2 June, though never crowned. He controlled roughly a third of England and part of Southern Wales before defeat by loyalists and turncoat barons after King John's death; the Treaty of Lambeth paid him 10,000 marks to pledge he'd never return. From 1219 to 1223 he led forces in the Albigensian Crusade fulfilling his father Philip II's vow, supporting Simon de Montfort the Elder, then continued as king from January 1226. Crowned in 1223, he reversed his father's policies with an ordinance against Jewish usury, opening Paris to Lombard moneylenders. His campaigns in 1224 and 1226 seized Poitou, Saintonge, La Rochelle, and numerous Languedoc cities from the Angevin Empire, leaving England's kings only Gascony on the continent. Dysentery killed him 8 November 1226 on the road home from crusade; his son became Louis IX.