French organist and teacher (1809-1852), inventor of braille, a system for reading and writing text and music, used by people who are blind or visually impaired
He lost his sight at three after an awl slipped in his father's workshop, then gave blind people everywhere a way to read and write with their fingers — a tactile alphabet still in worldwide use, untouched since he finished it.
Louis Braille was born on 4 January 1809 in France. An accident with a stitching awl in his father's harness shop blinded one eye at age three; infection spread and took the other. Few resources existed for blind children then, but he won a scholarship to the Royal Institute for Blind Youth in Paris. At fifteen, in 1824, he presented his new tactile code to classmates — a system inspired by Charles Barbier's military night-writing but far more compact, adaptable to music and rapid use. He became a professor at the Institute and played music on the side, spending the rest of his life refining t…
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