Julius Caesar
Roman general and dictator · Italy · Politicians · Lived 100 BC to 44 BC · aged 56
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Something wrong?The Roman general who crossed the Rubicon with an army, defied the Senate, won a civil war, and declared himself dictator for life - then got stabbed to death by senators who feared he'd crown himself king. His murder didn't save the Republic; it killed it.
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Sulla, depicted on the obverse of a denarius minted by Quintus Pompeius Rufus in 54 BC. Sulla took the city in 82 BC, purged his political enemies, and instituted new constitutional reforms.
Imperial period bust of Augustus (known as the Augustus Bevilacqua) wearing the civic crown (Latin: corona civica). Caesar won the civic crown for his bravery at the Siege of Mytilene in 81 BC.
Denarius of C. Cossutius Maridianus, 44 BC, with the head of Julius Caesar as pontifex maximus on the obverse. The legend on the reverse mentions the A. A. A. F. F.
Cicero, consul in 63 BC, depicted in an 1889 fresco denouncing Catiline and exposing his conspiracy before the Senate. When conspirators within the city were later arrested, Cicero referred their fate to the Senate, triggering a debate in which Caesar as praetor-elect participated.![Bronze bust of Cato, Caesar's principal opponent in the Catilinarian debate and also a personal enemy. Cato may have been responsible for the law requiring declarations of candidacy in person within the pomerium.[60]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cato_Volubilis_bronze_bust.jpg/500px-Cato_Volubilis_bronze_bust.jpg)
Bronze bust of Cato, Caesar's principal opponent in the Catilinarian debate and also a personal enemy. Cato may have been responsible for the law requiring declarations of candidacy in person within the pomerium.[60]
A denarius depicting Julius Caesar, dated to February-March 44 BC - the goddess Venus is shown on the reverse, holding Victoria and a sceptre. Caption: CAESAR IMP. M. / L. AEMILIVS BVCA.
Vercingetorix throws down his arms at the feet of Julius Caesar, painting by Lionel Royer in 1899. Musée Crozatier, Le Puy-en-Velay, France.In their own words 6
, I assure you I had rather be the first man here than the second man in Rome.
I will not ... that my wife be so much as suspected.
It is not the well-fed long-haired man I fear, but the pale and the hungry looking.
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Gaius Julius Caesar was born in July 100 BC and rose through Roman politics by forming the First Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey in 60 BC, an alliance that dominated Rome for years. Between 58 and 51 BC he led the Gallic Wars, expanding Roman territory, invading Britain, and building a bridge across the Rhine - victories that made him wildly popular but threatened Pompey's standing. When the Senate ordered him to give up his command in early 49 BC, he crossed the Rubicon with his army and marched on Rome, igniting a civil war he won by 45 BC. He overhauled the calendar, expanded the Senate, extended citizenship, and settled veterans in colonies, then in early 44 BC took the title dictator for life. On 15 March 44 BC, senators led by Brutus and Cassius assassinated him in the Senate, fearing monarchy. The Republic they tried to save collapsed anyway; his adoptive heir Octavian became Rome's first emperor thirteen years later.
Politicians from Italy 5
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