Emperor of Nicaea
He held together the largest fragment of Byzantium after crusaders sacked Constantinople, ruling from Nicaea for thirty-three years while the old capital sat under Latin occupation.
John III Doukas Vatatzes became Emperor of Nicaea around 1221, when the Byzantine world was shattered and the throne of Constantinople belonged to western invaders. From his seat in Anatolia he governed what remained of the empire through three decades of careful statecraft. He died on 3 November 1254 and passed the crown to his son Theodore II Doukas Laskaris.
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