Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu
Ruler of the Khwarazmian Empire · Historical Figures · Lived 1199 to 1231 · aged 32
Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu is read about 679 times a day, in 35 languages.
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Something wrong?The last Khwarazmshah spent seven years as a warlord without a throne - beating back Genghis Khan's generals once, then fleeing across the Indus when the Khan himself came for him, then carving short-lived states from Punjab to Georgia until a Kurdish band killed him in 1231.
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Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah confronts Chinggis Khan across the Indus. Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-tawarikh, National Library of Russia, St Petersburg, MS. Dorn 289, fols. 125v-126r (Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah with weapons)
Bataille de Bolnisi
During the battle of Indus_escapes_on_the_other_side_of_the_Indus.jpg?width=1200)
Folio 86 recto. Battle between the armies of Chingiz and Jalal al-Din Mingburni, on the banks of the Indus in November 1221. After the battle was lost, Jalal al-Din (left) escapes on the other side of the Indus
Folio 86 recto. Jalal al-Din Mingburni detail, on the banks of the Indus in November 1221
Jalal al-Din Khwarazm-Shah crossing the rapid Indus river, escaping Chinggis Khan and his army
Jalal al-Din Khwarazm-Shah.jpg?width=1200)
Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah confronts Chinggis Khan across the Indus. Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-tawarikh, National Library of Russia, St Petersburg, MS. Dorn 289, fols. 125v-126r (Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah detail)In their own words 9
, Jalâl al-Dîn whom all the rulers on earth held in awe and feared." - Ibn Al-Athir.
Jalâl al-Dîn was a bad ruler who administered his realm abominably.
The Sultãn then went towards Dewal and Darbela and Jaisî… The Sultãn raised a Jãmi‘ Masjid at Dewal, on the spot where an idol temple stood.
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Jalal al-Din was raised in Gurganj, the wealthy Khwarazmid capital, and served as his father's second-in-command in battle. When the Mongol conquest drove Ala ad-Din Muhammad II to die on a Caspian island, Jalal al-Din claimed succession despite being a concubine's son and facing a challenge backed by the Queen Mother. He gathered a substantial army at Ghazni and handed Shigi Qutuqu an excellent defeat at the Battle of Parwan, but lost much of his force in a dispute over spoils. Genghis Khan crushed him at the Battle of the Indus; he swam the river and survived as a warlord, holding the Punjab from 1222 to 1224, then northwest Iran and Georgia after 1225. He lacked the political skill to sustain what his sword won, and Mongol pressure and revolts closed in until he was killed on 15 August 1231. The army he left behind terrorized the Levant as the Khwarazmiyya mercenaries until 1246.
Historical Figures born in the 1190s 6
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