Johann Gottfried Galle
German astronomer (1812-1910)
Summary
Updated 2026-05-29
Galle spotted Neptune at the Berlin Observatory on September 23, 1846—the same night he got Le Verrier's prediction letter. He and student Heinrich d'Arrest found it within 1° of where the math said it should be, turning theoretical physics into actual discovery.
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Johann Gottfried Galle was a German astronomer from Radis, Germany, at the Berlin Observatory who, on 23 September 1846, with the assistance of student Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, was the first person to view and identify the planet Neptune. Urbain Le Verrier had predicted the existence and position of Neptune, and sent the coordinates to Galle, asking him to verify. Galle found Neptune in the same night he received Le Verrier's letter, within 1° of the predicted position. The discovery of Neptune is widely regarded as a dramatic validation of celestial mechanics, and is one of the most remarkabl…
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