French painter (1780–1867)
The French painter who spent decades defending Neoclassical orthodoxy against the Romantics, only to warp form and space in ways that fed directly into Matisse and Picasso. He thought of himself as a history painter in the David mold; the world remembers the portraits.
Born in Montauban in 1780, Ingres studied under David in Paris and won the Prix de Rome in 1802 for The Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the tent of Achilles. His style—shaped by close study of Italian and Flemish Renaissance masters—was set by the time he left for Rome in 1806, and it barely shifted after. For eighteen years in Rome and Florence, he sent canvases back to the Paris Salon that critics called bizarre and archaic; commissions for the grand history paintings he wanted dried up, so he survived on portraits and drawings. Recognition finally came in 1824 when The Vow of Louis XIII won ove…
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