A Phoenician king who ruled Tyre in the tenth century BC and appears in both the Hebrew Bible and later classical histories - one of the rare ancient Near Eastern rulers corroborated across multiple traditions.
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About this person
Hiram succeeded his father Abibaal to the throne of Tyre around 980 BC. His reign, which lasted thirty-four years, placed him at the center of Phoenician maritime power during a period when Tyre was emerging as a dominant commercial force in the Mediterranean. The Hebrew Bible records his interactions with neighboring kingdoms, while the Greek historian Menander of Ephesus - writing centuries later and preserved in Josephus - provided independent confirmation of his existence and reign. He lived to fifty-three and passed the throne to his son Baal-Eser I around 947 BC. The convergence of biblical and classical sources around his name makes him one of the more historically anchored figures from the Phoenician world.
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