Herbert A. Hauptman

Herbert Aaron Hauptman was born February 14, 1917, and trained as a mathematician at a time when the two disciplines rarely spoke. He developed what became known as "direct methods" — a mathematical technique for determining how atoms arrange themselves in crystals without the trial-and-error that had defined the field. The approach was so fundamental that it didn't just solve individual puzzles; it rewrote the rules for an entire branch of science. In 1985, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded him and Jerome Karle the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work that opened what they called "a…