King of France from 1547 to 1559 (1519–1559)
A French king who survived childhood imprisonment in Spain only to die from a jousting accident at forty, leaving behind four sons and a kingdom about to tear itself apart.
Born the second son of Francis I in 1519, Henry spent over four years as a hostage in Spain during childhood alongside his elder brother, a captivity arranged to secure their father's release. He became heir only after his brother's death in 1536. Taking the throne in 1547, he pursued his father's ambitions: continuing the Italian Wars against the Habsburgs and attempting to suppress the growing Huguenot movement even as Protestant numbers surged. The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis in April 1559 ended the Italian Wars, costing France its claims in Italy but gaining Calais and the Three Bishoprics.…
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