King of Sweden from 1771 to 1792 (1746–1792)
He seized back the crown's power in a 1772 coup, spent the treasury on opera houses and war, legalised Jews and Catholics, then bled out over thirteen days after an aristocrat shot him at a masked ball — time enough to crush the uprising and hear his enemies apologize.
Gustav III became King of Sweden in 1771, son of Adolf Frederick and Louisa Ulrika, and immediately set about dismantling the noble privileges that had hollowed out the monarchy since Charles XII's death. In 1772 he launched a coup d'état that ended the Age of Liberty, then cemented royal autocracy with the Union and Security Act of 1789, which also cracked the nobility's stranglehold by opening government posts to all citizens. An enlightened absolutist who admired Voltaire, he legalised Catholic and Jewish life, curtailed torture and executions, pursued economic liberalism — and gutted the 1…
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